Mubuzima, duhora tureba ahantu hatandukanye kuva kure kugera hafi kugera kure, byoroshye cyane kubagenzi basanzwe, ariko biratandukanye kubantu bafite amaso mabi, nikibazo gikomeye cyangwa kibabaje.
Nigute wakemura iki kibazo?Nibyo, ni ibirahuri bifasha ibirahuri, abantu ba myopic bafite ibirahure, barashobora kubona kure, abantu bareba kure bafite ibirahure barashobora kubona hafi, ariko ikibazo kiraza, kwambara amadarubindi kugirango urebe kure, iyo urebye hafi, bizoroha cyane, kandi kimwe hamwe no kwambara ibirahure kugirango ubone hafi.Nigute ushobora gukemura neza iki kibazo?Noneho hariho igisubizo kuri ubu bubi: ibirahuri bigenda bitera imbere.
Ngiyo ingingo yiyi ngingo - intambwe igenda itera imbere.
Intambwe igenda itera imbere, izwi kandi nka lens igenda itera imbere, ifite ingingo nyinshi yibanze kumurongo umwe nkuko izina ribivuga.Niba lens igabanijwe kuva yibanze, lens irashobora kugabanywamo lens imwe yibanze, lens ebyiri yibanze, lens nyinshi.
· Ibyifuzo byacu bikunze kugaragara ni lens imwe yibanze, aho hariho urumuri rumwe gusa kuri lens;
· Bifocal lens ni lens ya bifocal, yahoze ikoreshwa nabasaza benshi kugirango bakemure ikibazo cyo kubona kure no hafi icyarimwe.Ariko, kubera ibitagenda neza byingenzi no gukundwa kwiterambere ryinshi-kwibanda, lens ya bifocal yavuyeho;
· Nka ntambwe ikomeye mu mateka yiterambere rya lens, lens lens nyinshi nayo izaba icyerekezo nyamukuru cyubushakashatsi niterambere ndetse no kumenyekanisha isoko.
Ivuka niterambere Amateka yintambwe igenda itera imbere:
Mu 1907, Owen Aves yabanje gushyira ahagaragara igitekerezo cyo gutera imbere kwinshi, bikerekana ivuka ryigitekerezo gishya cyo gukosora icyerekezo.
Igishushanyo cyiyi lens idasanzwe ihumekwa nuburyo bwinzovu.Iyo kugabanuka k'ubuso bw'imbere bwa lens byiyongereye ubudahwema kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, imbaraga zo kuvunika zirashobora guhinduka bikurikije, ni ukuvuga, imbaraga zo gukurura ziyongera buhoro buhoro kandi bikomeza kuva mukarere ka kure kari mugice cyo hejuru cya lens kugeza aho hafi yegereye hepfo ya lens igera kubisabwa hafi ya diopter.
Hashingiwe ku myumvire yabanjirije iyi, kandi hifashishijwe ibyagezweho mu gushushanya no mu iterambere bitangwa n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, mu 1951, umugabo w’umufaransa Metenez yateguye lens ya mbere igenda itera imbere y’igitekerezo kigezweho, gishobora gukoreshwa mu kwambara kwa muganga.Nyuma yo kunonosorwa kwinshi, yatangijwe bwa mbere ku isoko ry’Ubufaransa mu 1959. Igitekerezo cyayo gishya cyo gukosora amashusho cyamenyekanye ku isi yose kandi bidatinze cyamenyekanye ku mugabane w’Uburayi na Amerika ya Ruguru.
Hamwe niterambere rya mudasobwa hamwe nogukoresha porogaramu igezweho igezweho hamwe nibikoresho mugushushanya no guteza imbere amadarubindi, igishushanyo mbonera cya lens cyateye imbere cyane.Icyerekezo rusange ni: uhereye kumurongo umwe, ukomeye, uburinganire nuburinganire bwa kure-zone igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye, cyoroshye, asimmetric na aspheric igishushanyo mbonera cya kure.Mugushushanya kwambere kwindorerwamo igenda itera imbere, abantu batekerezaga cyane kubibazo byimibare, ubukanishi na optique.Hamwe no gusobanukirwa birambuye kuri sisitemu yo kureba, igishushanyo mbonera cya kijyambere nigihe kizaza kizarushaho kwibanda ku isano iri hagati yindorerwamo itera imbere na optique ya physiologique, ergonomique, estetique, psychophysics.
Nyuma yo guhanga udushya twinshi, lens igenda itera imbere yabaye ihitamo ryambere ryo gukosora iyerekwa mubihugu byateye imbere muburayi bwiburengerazuba bwateye imbere nku Bufaransa n’Ubudage, hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwa lens hamwe nabantu benshi bambara lens igenda itera imbere.Mu Buyapani no muri Amerika, kwambara lens bigenda bitera imbere bigenda bigaragara kwiyongera buri mwaka.Mu karere ka Aziya-Pasifika no mu Burayi bwi Burasirazuba, hamwe nogutezimbere amasomo yuburezi bwa optometrie hamwe na lens igenda itera imbere nkibyingenzi, benshi kandi benshi ba optometriste na optometriste bafata lens igenda itera imbere nkicyifuzo cyingenzi cyo gukosora icyerekezo.
Ninde utera intambwe ndende ikwiranye?
1. Intego yumwimerere yibikoresho byinshi ni ugutanga uburyo busanzwe, bworoshye kandi bworoshye bwo gukosora abarwayi ba presbyopiya.Kwambara lens igenda itera imbere ni nko gukoresha kamera ya videwo.Ikirahuri kirashobora kubona ibintu bya kure, hafi na hagati yintera igaragara neza.Kubwibyo, turasobanura lens igenda itera imbere nka "lens zoom".Nyuma yo kwambara ikirahuri kimwe, bihwanye no gukoresha ibirahuri byinshi.
2. Hamwe nubushakashatsi bw "iterambere rya myopiya no kugenzura amabwiriza", buhoro buhoro hakoreshwa lensike igenda itera imbere kugirango igenzure iterambere rya myopiya mubyangavu.
Ibyiza byo gutera imbere kwinshi
1. Kugaragara kwa lens ni kimwe na monofoskopi, kandi nta murongo ugabanya impinduka zimpamyabumenyi ushobora kugaragara.Ubwiza bwa lens burinda uwambaye kugirango akomeze imyaka ye wenyine, kandi bikuraho impungenge zuwambaye zo guhishura ibanga ryimyaka ye yambaye bifocals kera.
2, ihinduka rya lens degre intambwe ku yindi, ntabwo bizatanga ishusho yo gusimbuka.Byoroshye kwambara, byoroshye kumenyera.
3, impamyabumenyi ya lens ni gahoro gahoro, kuva kure kugera hafi yimpinduka ziyongera buhoro buhoro, ntabwo bizana ihindagurika ryamaso, ntabwo byoroshye gutera umunaniro ugaragara.
4. Iyerekwa risobanutse rirashobora kuboneka intera zose murwego rwo kureba.Ikirahuri kirashobora gukoreshwa kure, hafi na intera intera icyarimwe.
Kwirinda lens igenda itera imbere
1. Mugihe uhuza ibirahure, hitamo ikadiri nini.
Kuberako lens igomba kugabanywa kure, hagati, no hafi ya zone, gusa ikadiri nini irashobora kwemeza ahantu hanini bihagije kugirango ikoreshwe hafi.Nibyiza guhuza ikadiri yuzuye, kuko nini nini, ubunini bwimbitse bwa lens, ikibanza cyuzuye gishobora gutwikira ubugari bwuruhande.
2 mubisanzwe bikenera hafi icyumweru cyigihe cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, ariko uburebure bwigihe cyo kurwanya imihindagurikire buratandukana kubantu, kugenda buhoro iyo uzunguye.
3. Kuberako impande zombi za lens ari agace ka astigmatic disorder, biragoye kubona ibintu kumpande zombi binyuze mumupira uhumeka, bityo rero birakenewe ko uzunguruka ijosi nijisho icyarimwe kugirango ubone neza.
4. Iyo ugiye hasi, shyira ibirahuri hasi hanyuma ugerageze kureba hanze ya kure.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-27-2022